GMES EAGLE- Exploitation of Angular effects in land surface observations from satellites

Partners

• The Global Change Unit (GCU)
  The Global Change Unit (GCU) has its origin in Remote Sensing Unit at the University of Valencia (RSU), one of the pioneer groups in our country in using Satellite Remote Sensing. The first studies of the RSU were made in 1978 in the framework of the NASA's HCMM project. Since this moment, the RSU has been participating in numerous national and international projects supported by the EU (EFEDA, HAPEX-SAHEL, MEDALUS, RESEDA, RESMEDES, etc.), the CICyT and the ESA. It is managed by Dr. José A. Sobrino, member of the RSU for ten years. Our studies are aimed at analysing the Earth's environmental changes by using remote sensing techniques. The GCU has a wide experience in participating in investigation projects financed by the European Commission, the CICyT, the AECI (Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional), ESA (DAISEX'98 and 99, AATSR/ENVISAT). The Global Change Unit have proposed and co-ordinated one previous European Commission shared cost projects, in the framework of the specific research and technological development programme “Confirming the International Role of Community Research” WATERMED (WATer use Efficiency in natural vegetation and agricultural areas by Remote sensing in the MEDiterranean basin) project aimed to develop a comprehensive method for the study of the water use and the resistance to the drought of the natural and irrigated vegetation by means of a combined historical and current space-based remote sensing database, vegetation models and field measurements.  This project includes three European partners (Spain, France and Denmark) with two Northern African countries (Morocco and Egypt). The GCU is equipped with suitable instruments to carry out its tasks: image processing systems, and field thermal infrared radiometers. The research work accomplished may be summarised in 7 Doctoral Theses, 50 papers in international journals and 60 presentations in different scientific meeting. It is also necessary to highlight their educational activity, imparting courses in Remote Sensing. Besides, we have published one of the first book in Remote Sensing in Spanish in the year 2000, organised the first and the second International Symposium on Recent Advances in Quantitative Remote Sensing and edited the book “Recent Advances in Quantitative Remote Sensing”. The GCU maintain collaborations with the University of Maryland-Goddard Space Fligh Center (GSFC-NASA), The International Space University (ISU), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL-NASA), The Instituto de Geofisica e Astronomia at the University of Sao Paulo (Brazil), the CRTS in Rabat (Morocco), the GRTR at Strasbourg (France), etc. It is equipped with suitable instruments to carry out its tasks: image processing systems, and field thermal infrared radiometers. The research work accomplished may be summarised in 7 Doctoral Theses, 40 papers in international journals and 60 presentations in different scientific meeting.

  Coordinator	acts as project coordinator
  Type
  Country	Spain
  Web site	http://www.uv.es/ucg/
  Contact	Prof. Dr. José Antonio Sobrino, Position: GCU team leader and project coordinator Phone/fax: +34 96 354 31 15, +34 96 354 31 15 Email: sobrino@uv.es

• ALTERRA

  ALTERRA Green World Research is created by merging two former DLO- Institutes: 1 the Winand Staring Centre (SC-DLO) and 2) the Institute for Forestry and Nature Research (IBN-DLO) as of 1 January 2000. ALTERRA is the leading institute in the field of natural resources management and agro-ecology, nature management, land use, and land use planning and is the biggest one in its kind in Europe. Besides research, ALTERRA provides services such as software engineering, production and distribution of maps and databases on request, on paper or in digital format, and management of databases. ALTERRA is owner of a number of national Dutch databases on soil, groundwater, forest and land use. ALTERRA is also the homebase of the Centre for Geo-information (CGI) of Wageningen University and Research Centre. This centre collaborates with related institutes and uses its network of expert advisers to provide university-level education and research in geo-information science, with a view to supporting policy development and the design and management of rural areas. The activities are tailored to professional practice, and by initiating innovative research and operationalizing state-of-the-art methods and techniques, to play a significant role at national as well as international levels. CGI hosts the geo-information infrastructure of the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management, and Fisheries which provides nation-wide information for policy making and management of agriculture, nature and fisheries. The International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC), which archives the detailed soil profiles world-wide and related soil physical and biogeochemical information, is hosted in CGI.

  Type
  Country	Netherlands
  Web site	http://www.alterra.wur.nl/UK/
  Contact	Dr. Li Jia, Position: Researcher Phone/fax: +31 317 47 4324, +31 317 41 9000 Email: li.jia@wur.nl

• LSIIT (Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Image, de l'Informatique et de la Télédétection)
  LSIIT (Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Image, de l'Informatique et de la Télédétection) is research unit UMR 7005 of the University Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, associated with Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) since 1986. The back-bone of the research activity of LSIIT is "Image Sciences", which constitutes the link between the three main teams composing the unit: two of them have research activities dealing with Computer Sciences for Imagery on the one hand, Image Processing and Robotic Applications on the other hand. The third one has its research activity in the domain of Remote Sensing for Earth's Observation. The Remote Sensing, Radiometry and Optical Imagery Research Group (TRIO) of LSIIT has activity and experience in remote sensing for Earth's observation since the early 80's. Research activities have been mostly in the thermal infrared domain in relation to land surface temperature as a key variable in energy fluxes analysis and determination. Research work has been conducted in direct and inverse problems for surface flux modeling, methodology for radiometric analysis of satellite data in the visible to thermal infrared domains and associated field radiometry for validation of retrieved parameters from low spatial resolution space-borne and high resolution air-borne systems. The group has developed original methods for spectral analysis of remotely sensed data in the thermal infrared domain, and for retrieving both the channel emissivities and the surface temperature, based on the measurement of the reflected solar radiation in the mid infrared band 3-4 µm, and the combination of day/night images. Development and realisation of NOAA/AVHRR-HRPT and METEOSAT-PDUS local receiving stations, fully operational since 1995, has allowed applying these methods to large-scale problems and extended areas, to study spatial and temporal variability of surface radiative parameters, and angular variability of surface properties of continental surfaces. More recent activities have been focused on theoretical problems raised by change of scales and heterogeneity, on modelling interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the surface in relation to active methods, laser remote sensing and polarimetry. The Group has been involved in many collaborations and programs or campaigns at national and international level (among them, HAPEX-Mobilhy 86, HAPEX-Sahel 91, EFEDA 91-and follow-on EC programs, MODIS/NASA and LSPIM/ESA) and has been responsible or partner in many contracts from public institutions as well as industries: CNRS, CNES, UE, ESA-ERS1 (ATSR data), Canada Center for Remote Sensing, MATRA-Cap-Systems, The expertise of the TRIO/LSIIT group is well recognised by the international remote sensing scientific communities through its strong publications in the international refereed journals as well as the role it plays in the international remote sensing scientific communities.

  Type
  Country	France
  Web site	http://lsiit.u-strasbg.fr/
  Contact	Prof. Zhao-Liang Li, Position: Researcher Phone/fax: +33(0)3.90.24.45.16, Email: li@lsiit.u-strasbg.fr

• The National Aerospace Laboratory (NLR)
  The National Aerospace Laboratory (NLR) is the central institute for aerospace research in the Netherlands. Its principal mission is to render scientific support and technical assistance on a non-profit basis to Dutch and foreign aerospace industries and organisations, civil and military aircraft operators, and governmental agencies concerned with aviation and spaceflight. NLR is a customer oriented research and development organisation, deriving its income for 70 percent from research contracts and for 30 percent from subsidies from the Dutch Government for its basic research program. Two divisions employ remote sensing activities. The activities concerning application of remote sensing techniques for operational use and user support in data handling are concentrated at the Remote Sensing Department of the Space Division of NLR. The staff at the Remote Sensing Department consists of 12 members, whereas the total staff of the Space Division consists of 45 members. The Informatics Division and Space Division are responsible for the informatics aspects of remote sensing, including developments of remote sensing information systems. In addition, execution of remote sensing projects by these divisions is often supported by the Flight division of NLR by making available aircraft, instrumentation and data processing facilities, and the Electronics & Instrumentation division developing sensors and data-handling instrumentation. The expertise and facilities available at NLR allow the laboratory to play a key role in many areas of remote sensing research in The Netherlands and in other European and non-European countries.

  Type
  Country	Netherlands
  Web site	http://remotesensing.nlr.nl./
  Contact	Dr. Wout Verhoef, Position: Senior scientist Phone/fax: +31-527-248253, +31-527-248210 Email: verhoef@nlr.nl

• The international institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC)

  The international institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), established in 1950 under the name International Training Centre for Aerial Survey (hence ITC), is an autonomous organisation operating under the aegis of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science and the Minister for Development Cooperation of the Netherlands and closely linked to Twente University. It is the oldest and largest international higher education institute in the Netherlands, and seeks to promote the sound application of geo-information technology through programmes of research, education and project services. The knowledge field of ITC is geo-information science and earth observation, which consists of a combination of tools and methods for the collection - through aerospace survey techniques -, storage and processing of geo-spatial data, for the dissemination and use of these data and of services based on these data. ITC's approach is application-oriented, directed at finding solutions for and strengthening civil society in addressing issues of local, national and global dimensions such as the multifunctional use of scarce resources, including space, the effects of climate change and environmental security.

  Prof. Dr. Z. (Bob) Su.

  Type
  Country	Netherlands
  Web site	http://www.itc.nl/
  Contact	Prof. Dr. Z. Bob Su, Position: ITC (International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation) Principal Investigator, senior scientist in remote sensing and hydroclimatology, Professor of Spatial Hydrology and Water Resources Management at the International Institute of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) and Twente University Phone/fax: +31 534 87 4311, +31 534 87 4336 Email: b_su@itc.nl ; b.su@alterra.dlo.nl

Field sites

• Barrax

  • FIELD - CAMPAIGN IN BARRAX, Spain (July - 2004): During the period 14thJuly to 21thJuly, three EAGLE partners' carried out field measurements according to the timetable, namely, GCU from the University of Valencia (Spain), Alterra from Netherlands and the University of Louis Pasteur from Strasbourgh (France). The field campaign was carried out in Barrax test site, situated in the Spanish plateau. During many years, this place has been used as a test area for agricultural research. This site is characterized by large and uniform land-use units. Field measurements of surface temperature, emissivity, reflectivity and fluxes were made in the experimental site. Angular measurements were made using a goniometric system joint with several TIR radiometers. To obtain the TIR emissivities, the TES ans box methods were used. The reflectivity measurements were made with spectroradiometers operating in the range 0.4-2.5 µm. Large aperture scintillometers were installed during the project phase. The campaign's goal is the validation of the different algorithms developed by the eagle partners. This campaign was carried out jointly with ESA SPectra bARrax Campaign (SPARC) and more than 50 researchers from Europe and United States took part in the campaign. For more information you can visit the webs: http://gpds.uv.es/sparc/ and http://www.esa.int/export/esaEO/SEMWXIW4QWD_planet_0.html .
     

  • FIELD-CAMPAIGN IN BARRAX, Spain (June-2005; July-2005): During the periods 31th to 3rd June and 11th to 15th July, three EAGLE partner's carried out field measurements according to the timetable, namely: GCU from University of Valencia (Spain), International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (The Netherlands) and University of Louis Pasteur from Strasbourgh (France). The field campaign was carried out in Barrax test site. Field measurements of surface temperature, emissivity, reflectivity and fluxes were made in the experimental site. Angular measurements were made using two goniometric systems joint with several TIR radiometers. The TES and box methods were used to obtain the TIR emissivities.  Also, the reflectivity measurements were made with spectroradiometers (0.4-2.5 mm), and large aperture scintillometer were installed. This campaing was carried out jointly with SENtinel-2 and FLuorescence EXperiment (SEN2FLEX). This campaing combines different activities in support of initiatives related both to fluorescence experiments (AIRFLEX) for observation of solar induced fluorescence signal over multiple surface targets and to GMES Sentinel-2 initiative for prototyping of spectral bands, spectral widths, and spatial/temporal resolutions to meet mission requirements. Both initiatives require simultaneous airborne hyperspectral and ground measurements for interpretation of fluorescence signal levels (AIRFLEX), and simulation of an optical observing system capable to assess geo- and bio-physical variables and to classify target surfaces by spectral, spatial and temporal distinction (Sentinel-2). For more information you can visit the web: http://www.uv.es/leo/sen2flex.

  Country	Spain
  Location	Barrax, Spain

• Cabauw

  FIELD-CAMPAIGN IN THE NETHERLANDS, The Netherlands (June-2006):

  During the period 11thJune to 17thJune, a new field campaign took place in The Netherlands; Two partners of EAGLE took part in this field campaign. Simultaneous measurements were carried out in Cabauw (grassland located in 51º58’00’’ N, 04º 54’00’’E, -0.7m a.m.s.l.), in Loobos (forest placed in 52º 10’02.8’’N, 05º44’38’’E, 52 m. a.m.s.l.) and Speulderbos (forest located in the following coordinates: 52º15’08.1’’N, 05º41’25.8’’E, 52m. a.m.s.l.). Three towers are located in these places, respectively. The mast in Cabauw was built to measure the relations between the state of the atmospheric boundary layer, land surface conditions and the general weather situation for all seasons; the mast situated in Loobos carries out continuous micrometeorological measurements and the tower sited in Speulderbos is not currently used for operational measurements.

   Over the fields, thermal infrared radiometric measurements using handheld radiometers described in before reports, surface energy budget measurements were carried out using a scintillometer and an eddy correlation system were installed in two towers, in Speulderbos, as well as a standard meteo-station, including a Kipp and Zoonen CNR1 radiometer and a goniometer system. Also, measurements of soil moisture were carried out. The measurements in the field were carried out at the same time that overpasses of the sensors; the sensors used were Airborne Hyperspectral System (AHS) by INTA, E-SAR system over DLR airplane and MIRAMAP L-band Microwave radiometer. The CHRIS-PROBA, MERIS, MODIS and AATSR imagery corresponding with the measurements will be acquired.

  Country	Netherlands
  Location	Cabauw (grassland located in 51º58’00’’ N, 04º 54’00’’E, -0.7m a.m.s.l.)

• Loobos

  Country	Netherlands
  Location	Loobos (forest placed in 52º 10’02.8’’N, 05º44’38’’E, 52 m. a.m.s.l.)

• Speulderbos

  Country	Netherlands
  Location	Speulderbos (forest located in the following coordinates: 52º15’08.1’’N, 05º41’25.8’’E, 52m. a.m.s.l.)

Publications

• EAGLE list of publications

  Publications

  • Sobrino, J.A., Romaguera, M., 2004, Land Surface Temperature Retrieval from MSG1-SEVIRI Data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 92, 247-254.

  • Sobrino, J. A., Zaragoza-Ivorra, M.M., Sanz, M. J. and Chordá, J. V., 2004, Aplicación de la teledetección al estudio de los flujos de carbono. Revista Española de Física, vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 28-34.

  • Romaguera, M., Sobrino, J. A., 2004, Determinación de la temperatura de la superficie terrestre a partir de datos MSG1/SEVIRI. Revista Española de Teledetección, vol. 22, pp. 25-31.

  • J. Wen, Z. Su, Y. Ma, 2004, Reconstruction of a Cloud-free Vegetation Index Time Series for the Tibetan Plateau, Mountain Research and Development, 24(4), 348–353.

  • Jiménez-Muñoz, J. C., and Sobrino, J. A., 2005, Atmospheric water vapor content retrieval from visible and thermal data in the framework of the DAISEX campaigns. International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol. 26, No., 15, pp. 3163-3180.

  • Gómez, M., Olioso, A., Sobrino, J. A., Jacob, J., 2005, Retrieval of evapotranspiration over the Alpilles/ReSeDA experimental site using airborne POLDER sensor and thermal camera. Remote Sensing of Environment, 96, pp. 399-408.

  • Sobrino, J. A., and Jiménez-Muñoz, J. C., 2005, Land surface temperature from thermal infrared data: An assessment in the context of the Surface Processes and Ecosystem Changes Through Response Analysis (SPECTRA) mission. Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 110, D161103, doi:10.1029/2004JD005588.

  • Sobrino, J. A., Gómez, M., Jiménez-Muñoz, J. C., Olioso, A., Chehbouni, G., 2005. A simple algorithm to estimate evapotranspiration from DAIS data: Application to the DAISEX campaigns. Journal of Hydrology, vol. 315, pp. 117-125.

  • Sobrino, J. A., Jiménez-Muñoz, J. C., and Verhoef, W., 2005. Canopy directional emissivity: Comparison between models, Remote Sensing of Environment, 99: 304-314.

  • Romaguera, M., Sobrino, J.A and Olesen F.-S., 2005. Estimation of sea surface temperature from SEVIRI data: algorithms test and comparison with AVHRR products. International Journal of Remote Sensing. (in press).

  • Jiménez-Muñoz, J. C., and Sobrino, J. A., 2006. Error sources on the land surface temperature retrieved from thermal infrared single channel remote sensing data, International Journal of Remote Sensing (in press).

  • E. J. Noyes, G. Sòria, J. A. Sobrino, J. J. Remedios, D. T. Llewellyn-Jones and G. K. Corlett, 2006. AATSR land surface temperature product algorithm verification over a WATERMED site. Advances in Space Research (in press)

  • Sòria, G. and Sobrino, J. A., 2006. ENVISAT/AATSR derived Land Surface Temperature over a heterogeneous region, Remote Sensing of Environment (in review).

  • Romaguera, M. and Sobrino, J. A., 2006. Surface Temperature and Water Vapour Estimation from Meteosat8/SEVIRI Data: Algorithms and Validation. Remote Sensing of Environment (in review).

   

  Proceedings in symposia

  • European Geophysical Society Symposium, EGS-AGU-EUG (2004).  Jia, L., Liu, Q., Su, B and Menenti, M., Inversion of linear mixing model to retrieve    component temperatures

  • European Geophysical Society Symposium, EGS-AGU-EUG (2004).  Jin, X. M., Wan, L., Su, Z., Research on Evaporation of Taiyuan Basin Area by Using Remote Sensing

  • El Kharraz, J., Sobrino, J. A., Morales, L., Jiménez-Muñoz, J.C., Sòria, G., Gómez, M., Romaguera, M. and Zaragoza-Ivorra, M.M., Land cover dynamic in the Mediterranean Basin using Renalysis and PAL Data, European Geosciences Union (EGU), Geophysical Research Abstracts, vol. 6, 04021, Nice (France), 25-30 April 2004.

  • J. F. Moreno, L. Alonso, G. Fernández, J. C. Fortea, S. Gandía, L. Guanter, J. C. García, J. M. Martí, J. Melia, F. Camacho de Coca, J. García-Haro, B. Martínez, A. Verger, J. A. Sobrino, J. Cuenca, J. C. Jiménez-Muñoz, G. Sòria, M. Romaguera, M. M. Zaragoza-Ivorra, J. A. Martínez-Lozano, M. P. Utrillas, V. Estellés, J. L. Gómez, J. Calpe-Maravilla, J. Vila-Frances, L. Faus-Ferrer, A. Calera-Belmonte, J. González Piqueras, A. Moratalla, A. Cuesta, e. Rubio, F.J. Montero Riquelme, A. Brasa ramos, F. Montero-García, A. Cruz, H. López Coroles, R. López Urrea, M. Pujadas, F. Molero, A. Herranz, M. Habermeyer, M. Bachean, S. Holzwarth, A. Mueller, F. Baret, D. Beal, G. d’Urso, R. Giorgiogaggia, U. Lazzaro, R. Boussema, R. Abdelfattah, H. Bouchnak, J.-L. Roujean, O. Samain, R. Bianchi, M. Davidson, The SPECTRA Barrax Campaign (SPARC): Overview and first results from CHRIS data,  Proceedings of the 2nd CHRIS/Proba Workshop, ESA/ESRIN, Frascati (Italy), 28-30 Abril 2004.

  • Romaguera, M., Sobrino, J. A., Sòria, G., Zaragoza, M.M., Cuenca, J., Gómez, M., Jimánez-Muñoz, J. C., and Galdón-Ruiz, A., 2004, Land surface temperature derived from the MSG-SERIVI data, Proceedings of the 2nd MSG RAO Workshop, Salzburg, Austria, ESA SP-582, November 2004.

  •  Sória, G., Cuenca, J., Sobrino, J. A., Jiménez-Muñoz, J. C., Gómez, M., Romaguera, M., Zaragoza, M. M., Galdón Ruiz, A., Surface temperature estimation from AATSR data, ENVISAT Symposium, Salzburg (Austria), 6 - 10 September 2004.

  •  Su, Z.,  Jia, L.,  Jin, X.,  Elbers, J.,  Gieske, A.S.M.,  Timmermans, W.J.,  van der Kwast, H.,  Olioso, A.,  Sobrino, J.A.,  Moreno, J.,  Nerry, F.,  Sabol, D.  (2004) Land-atmosphere exchanges of water and energy in space and time over a heterogeneous land surface. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international CAHMDA workshop on : the terrestrial water cycle : modelling and data assimilation across catchment scales, October 25-27, Princeton. / ed. by A.J. Teuling, H. Leijnse, P.A. Troch, J. Sheffield and E.F. Wood. pp. 129-130.

  • Jiménez-Muñoz, J. C., Sobrino, J. A., Guanter, L., Moreno, J., Plaza, A., and Martínez, P., 2005. Fractional Vegetation Cover Estimation from PROBA/CHRIS Data: Methods, Analysis of Angular Effects and Application to the Land Surface Emissivity Retrieval, 3rd ESA CHRIS/Proba Workshop, ESRIN, Frascati, Italy

  • Julien, Y., Sobrino, J.A., Zaragoza, M., Cuenca, J., Gómez, M., Jiménez-Muñoz, J. C., Romaguera, M., Shen, Q., Sòria, G., 2005, Global vegetation monitoring through multitemporal analysis of pathfinder AVHRR land database, SPIE European International Symposium Remote Sensing, 19-22 September (Bruges, Belgium), Proc. of SPIE, vol. 5976, 59761F, 2005. 0277-786X/$15. doi: 10.1117/12.626809.

  • Romaguera, M., Sobrino, J.A., Gieske, A., Su, Z. B., Sòria, G., 2006, Surface temperature estimation from Meteosat8/SEVIRI data: Algorithms and Validation. The 9th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing, ISPMSRS 2005 Conference Proceedings (Part One), pp. 100-103, Beijing, 17-19 October 2005, China.

  • Julien, Y., Sobrino, J. A., Zaragoza, M., Cuenca, J., Gómez, M., Jiménez-Muñoz, J. C., Romaguera, M., Shen, Q., Sòria, G., 2005, Global monitoring of land cover through PAL and Reanalysis Data. The 9th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing, ISPMSRS 2005 Conference Proceedings (Part One), pp. 423-425, Beijing, 17-19 October 2005, China.

  • Gómez, M., Sobrino, J. A., Jiménez-Muñoz, J. C., Olioso, A., 2005. Retrieval of daily evapotranspiration from remote sensing images of high and low spatial resolution. application to the Iberian peninsula. Proceeding Earth Observation Conference, Napoli, Italy, 10-11 Nov.

  • Sobrino, J. A., M. M. Zaragoza-Ivorra, Y. Julien, J. C. Jiménez-Muñoz, Gómez, M., M. Romaguera,
    J. Cuenca, J. El Kharraz, M. Atitar, G. Sòria, B. Su, A. Gieske, L. Jia, Z. L. Li, F. Nerry, W. Verhoef, 2006. Exploitation of angular effects in land surface observations from satellites-EAGLE. Proceeding RAQRS""II, Torrent (Valencia), Spain, 25-29 Sep.

  Publisher	Jauad El Kharraz
  Type of document	Report
  Rights	Public
  File link	http://www.uv.es/eagle/EAGLE-publications.htm
  Source of information	UCG
  Keyword(s)	remote sensing, EAGLE, evapotranspiration, angluar effect
  Subject(s)	AGRICULTURE , HYDRAULICS - HYDROLOGY , MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION , METHTODOLOGY - STATISTICS - DECISION AID , RISKS AND CLIMATOLOGY
  Relation	http://www.semide.net/topics/fol573816/fol522448
  Geographical coverage	France, Spain, Netherlands

• Land-atmosphere exchanges of water, energy and carbon dioxide in space and time over the heterogeneous Barrax site during SPARC 2004 and SEN2FLEX 2005
  In order to advance our understanding of land-atmosphere exchanges of water, energy and CO2
  in space and time over heterogeneous land surfaces, two intensive field campaigns were carried out at the Barrax agricultural test site in Spain in the period 12-21 July 2004 (SPARC 2004) and 8-14 July 2005
  (SEN2FLEX) involving multiple field, satellite and airborne instruments for characterizing the state of the
  atmosphere, the vegetation and the soil from visible to microwave range of the spectrum. Part of the
  experimental area is a core site of a 25 km2 area within which numerous crops are grown - on both irrigated and dry land - alongside fields of bare soil. The campaigns were carried out in the framework of the Earth Observation Envelope Programme of the European Space Agency (ESA) with the aim to support geophysical algorithm development, calibration/validation and the simulation of future spaceborne Earth Observation missions. Both campaigns were also contributions to the EU 6FP EAGLE Project. Emphasis of this contribution is on the in-situ measurements of land-atmosphere exchanges of water, energy and CO2 as well as the thermal dynamic states of the atmosphere, the soil and the vegetation.

  Type of document	Proceedings
  Rights	Public
  File link	http://www.tiger.esa.int/trainingcd3/files/Day4/D4L1_2_SU_RAQRS2006_v1.1.pdf
  Source of information	ESA - TIGER
  Subject(s)	AGRICULTURE , HYDRAULICS - HYDROLOGY , MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION , METHTODOLOGY - STATISTICS - DECISION AID , RISKS AND CLIMATOLOGY
  Relation	http://www.semide.net/topics/fol573816/fol522448
  Geographical coverage	n/a