Non-Revenue Water: Financial Model for Optimal Management in Developing Countries

Non-revenue water (NRW) includes physical losses (pipe leaks) and commercial losses (illegal connections, unmetered public use, meter error, unbilled metered water, and water for which payment is not collected). NRW levels are high in many developing countries, and they can be expensive to reduce. Members of the International Water Association (IWA) Water Loss Task Force developed the Economic Level of Leakage (ELL), which outlines the optimal level of physical losses based on engineering inputs. However, the ELL approach is less useful in developing countries than in developed countries, as it ignores commercial losses, the annualized cost of water supply capacity expansion, and situations in which production capacity does not meet demand. This report presents a financial model that addresses the limitations noted above and provides acceptably accurate values of optimal, steady-state NRW without the need for large data collection efforts. The model uses an NRW framework adapted from the IWA Water Balance and the Burst and Background Estimates (BABE) and Econoleak methodologies. The report presents specific results for 59 utilities in 27 countries in Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe; these include optimal NRW, optimal physical losses, optimal commercial losses, optimal meter replacement frequencies, optimal leak detection survey frequencies, actual losses, and impacts on utility revenue and water supply coverage. This model allows utility managers and regulators to establish NRW targets and to optimally allocate resources to NRW management. Ultimately, use of the model will help save water, increase utility revenues, expand coverage, and reduce health and economic impacts.

Alan S. Wyatt, June 2010

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About the AuthorAlan Wyatt, MS, is a senior water supply and sanitation engineer at RTI International with more than 30 years’ experience on both urban and rural water supply in 18 countries, many in Africa. Mr. Wyatt focuses on water service delivery management, especially finance, operations and maintenance, performance measurement, and non-revenue water.

Creator	Alan S. Wyatt
Publisher	Alan S. Wyatt
Type of document	Report
Rights	Public
File link	http://www.smartgridnews.com/artman/uploads/1/mr-0018-1006-wyatt.pdf
File link local	mr-0018-1006-wyatt.pdf (PDF, 2495 Kb)
Source of information	©2010 Research Triangle Institute. RTI International is a trade name of Research Triangle Institute.
Keyword(s)	Non-Revenue Water
Subject(s)	ANALYSIS AND TESTS , CHARACTERISTICAL PARAMETERS OF WATERS AND SLUDGES , DRINKING WATER , DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION : COMMON PROCESSES OF PURIFICATION AND TREATMENT , HEALTH - HYGIENE - PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISM , HYDRAULICS - HYDROLOGY , MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION , METHTODOLOGY - STATISTICS - DECISION AID , NATURAL MEDIUM , PREVENTION AND NUISANCES POLLUTION , SANITATION -STRICT PURIFICATION PROCESSES , SLUDGES , WATER QUALITY
Geographical coverage	n/a